Explore the 8 major long duration energy storage technology families, from flow batteries to gravity and thermal storage.
Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries store energy in liquid electrolyte solutions containing vanadium ions. Power and energy ar...
Iron-air batteries use the reversible oxidation of iron to store energy. By breathing in oxygen from the air during disc...
CAES systems store energy by compressing air into underground salt caverns or other geological formations. When needed, ...
LAES systems cool air to cryogenic temperatures (-196Β°C) to liquefy it, storing it in insulated tanks. When power is nee...
Gravity storage systems lift heavy masses (concrete blocks, water, rock) using surplus electricity and release them to g...
Thermal storage captures energy as heat (or cold) in materials like molten salt, ceramic bricks, sand, or phase-change m...
Sodium-ion batteries use sodium ions as charge carriers instead of lithium. With sodium being 200x more abundant than li...
Pumped hydro uses two water reservoirs at different elevations. During periods of low demand, water is pumped uphill. Wh...